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UNIVERSITY  OF  ILLINOIS 

Agricultural  Experiment  Station 


BULLETIN  No.  195 


YIELDS  OF  SPRING  GRAINS  IN  ILLINOIS 


BY  W.  L.  BUELISON  AND  O.  M.  ALLYN 


URBANA,  ILLINOIS,  JANUARY,  1917 


SUMMARY  OP  BULLETIN  No.  195 

NORTHERN  ILLINOIS. — Silvermine,  Schoenen,  and  American  Banner  have  been 
the  leading  varieties  of  oats  tested  for  six  years.  Great  American,  Scottish  Chief, 
and  White  Kherson  (Iowa  103),  which  have  been  tested  for  only  two  years,  have 
given  very  satisfactory  yields.  Pages  499-501 

On  the  basis  of  present  information,  northern-grown  seed  oats  are  not  enough 
better  than  the  home-grown  oats  to  justify  the  extra  expense  and  trouble  of 
shipping  them.  Page  502 

Tests  with  spring  wheat,  spring  barley,  spring  rye,  and  spring  emmer  have 
been  too  limited  to  justify  any  conclusions  as  to  the  relative  value  of  different 
varieties.  Pages  502-503 

CENTRAL  ILLINOIS. — The  highest  yielding  varieties  of  oats  that  have  been 
grown  for  six  or  more  years  at  Urbana,  axe  Sixty  Day,  White  Bonanza,  Siberian, 
Schoenen,  Silvermine,  Irish  Victor,  Swedish  Select,  and  American  Banner.  Other 
promising  varieties  are  Great  American,  Yellow  Kherson  (Iowa  105),  Big  Four, 
and  Wisconsin  Pedigree  No.  1.  Pages  503-505 

It  is  not  likely  that  spring  wheat  will  ever  become  a  very  important  crop 
in  central  Illinois,  but  in  case  fall-seeded  wheats  winter-kill,  spring  wheat  may 
sometimes  be  substituted.  Page  506 

Barley  has  given  some  good  results,  but  further  trials  are  required  to  deter- 
mine the  most  promising  varieties.  Page  506 

SOUTHERN  ILLINOIS. — Small  spring  grains  are  not  well  adapted  to  conditions 
in  southern  Illinois,  but  Texas  Red  and  the  early  varieties  of  oats  are  more 
promising  than  the  late  varieties. 


CHARACTERISTICS  OF  DIFFERENT  VARIETIES  OF  OATS.  Pages  507-508 


YIELDS  OF  SPRING  GRAINS  IN  ILLINOIS 

BY  W.  L.  BUKLISON,  ASSOCIATE  CHIEF  IN  CROP  PRODUCTION,  AND 
O.  M.  ALLYN,  FIRST  ASSISTANT  IN  CROP  PRODUCTION 

Spring  grains  constitute  a  large  part  of  the  crops  produced  in  Illi- 
nois. Every  season,  the  Illinois  Experiment  Station  is  asked  to  give 
definite  information  relative  to  varieties  of  oats,  barley,  and  spring 
wheat  for  the  different  sections  of  the  state.  This  bulletin  is  intended 
to  present  the  results  of  variety  trials  with  these  small  grains,  which 
have  been  obtained  in  the  northern,  the  central,  and  the  southern  sec- 
tions of  Illinois,  as  represented  by  the  experiment  fields  at  DeKalb,  in 
DeKalb  county;  Urbana,  in  Champaign  county;  and  Fairfield,  in 
Wayne  county. 

Illinois  possesses  marked  climatic  and  soil  differences.  From  north 
to  south,  the  extreme  length  of  the  state  is  about  380  miles.  The 
rainfall  for  northern  Illinois  is  33.64  inches  per  year;  for  central 
Illinois,  35.76  inches  per  year ;  and  for  southern  Illinois,  40.25  inches 
per  year.  The  length  of  the  growing  season  for  the  northern  section 
is  166  days,  as  an  average ;  for  the  central  section,  173  days ;  and  for 
the  southern  section,  188  days.  Therefore  varieties  of  small  grains 
suited  to  one  locality  are  not  necessarily  the  most  desirable  for  another 
part  of  the  state. 

The  soil  on  which  the  experiments  at  DeKalb  and  Urbana  were 
conducted  is,  for  the  most  part,  brown  silt  loam;  at  Fairfield,  gray 
silt  loam  on  tight  clay.  These  fields  have  been  regularly  supplied  with 
phosphate  rock  and  either  farm  manure  or  crop  residues.  Limestone 
has  also  been  applied  at  Fairfield  and  to  some  extent  at  Urbana.  The 
aim  has  been  to  keep  the  land  in  a  good  state  of  fertility  but  not  to 
produce  abnormal  conditions.  It  is  believed  that  these  fields  are  such 
as  any  progressive  Illinois  farmer  would  maintain.  Methods  of  cul- 
ture which  have  been  followed  are  comparable  with  those*  practiced 
by  leading  grain  growers  of  the  corn  belt.  Thus  the  yields  reported 
are  no  larger  than  may  well  be  expected  from  the  respective  sections 
of  Illinois.  They  are  calculated  on  the  basis  of  32  pounds  per  bushel. 

NORTHERN  ILLINOIS 
TESTS  AT  DEKALB,  IN  DEKALB  COUNTY 

Variety  tests  of  spring  grains  were  begun  on  the  DeKalb  crop  field 
in  the  spring  of  1907.  In  the  main,  they  have  been  conducted  in  the 
west  rotation,  consisting  primarily  of  corn,  corn,  oats,  and  clover. 

499 


500 


BULLETIN  No.  195 


[January, 


Other  tests  with  oats,  spring  wheat,  and  barley  have  been  conducted 
mostly  in  the  east  rotation,  consisting  of  corn,  oats,  wheat,  and  clover. 
In  each  rotation,  a  grain  system  and  a  live-stock  system  of  farming 
have  been  practiced,  and  each  variety  has  been  tested  in  each  system  of 
farming  each  year. 

Oats. — In  making  the  comparisons  of  the  different  varieties  of  oats, 
those  varieties  grown  in  the  rotation  of  corn,  corn,  oats,  and  clover 
have  been  used,  as  the  larger  number  of  varieties  have  been  grown  in . 
that  rotation. 

Since  the  highest  average  yield  does  not  always  indicate  the  best 
variety,  and  in  order  to  establish  more  definitely  the  relation  of  the 


TABLE   1. — AVERAGE   YIELDS  OF   VARIETIES  OF   OATS   GROWN   AT   DEKALB,   ANI> 

PERCENTAGE  EATING  USING  SWEDISH  SELECT  AS  A  STANDARD:    1907-19161 

(Bushels  per  acre) 


Variety 

1907 

1909 

1910 

1911 

1912 

1913 

1914 

1915 

1916 

Per- 
centage 
rating 

Swedish  Select  

52  9 

78  4 

50  6 

70  0 

48  0 

475 

62.8 

59.3 

100.0 

American  Banner  

28.8 

57  1 

779 

61.5 

43.3 

61.6 

65.4 

108.3 

Schoenen  

26.6 

55.7 

77.2 

64.9 

47.2 

63.8 

71.1 

112.2 

Silvermine  

32.2 

53.6 

76.4 

63.8 

49.0 

78.4 

62.6 

113.5 

Sixty  Day  

37.8 

57.7 

62.2 

41.1 

55.7 

100.4 

Danish  White  
Irish   Victor  
Lincoln  
Minnesota  No.  6  
White  Bonanza  

30.9 
38.1 

27.8 
27.2 
30.2 

55.3 
53.9 
47.4 
46.0 
44.9 

83.6 
73.3 
75.8 
75.0 
73.1 

... 

61.2 
61.6 
65.4 
64.6 

61.3 
65.4 
63.1 
64.6 
63.0 

103.2 
100.3 
99.2 
98.7 
95.0 

Siberian  

Twentieth  Century  
Black  Gotham  

26.9 
33.8 
38.4 

59'.1 

84.1 

54.7 
55.9 

61.2 
63.0 

63.6 

106.4 
109.0 
98.7 

Silvermine  (6-403)  

51.2 

71  5 

62.8 

109.4 

Garton  's  No.  5  

40.2 

31.5 

56.6 

75.8 

Black  Tartarian  

29  7 

42.0 

Mammoth  Cluster  

47.4 

66.4 

93.1 

Scottish  Chief  

76.3 

64.1 

114.9 

Great  American  

69.5 

72.1 

115.9 

Big  Four  

67.9 

63.5 

107.5 

White  Kherson  (Iowa  103)  . 

67.6 

69.6 

112.3 

White  Russian  

62.8 

38.2 

82.7 

President  

60.9 

53.1 

93.3 

Wisconsin  Pedigree  No.  1.. 
Texas  Red  

... 

r. 

59.0 
58.1 

59.6 

58.9 

97.1 

95.7 

Brvant  's  Silver  Plume 

544 

61.6 

94.9 

Victory  

57.5 

Garton  's  Victor  

47.7 

65  6 

Early  Champion  

61  1 

Yellow  Khorson  (Iowa  105) 

60.7 

Native  Yellow  .  . 

589 

1908  cutting  was  mixed  in  harvesting,  and  the  yields  were  therefore  thrown 


out. 


1917] 


YIELDS  OF  SPRING  GRAINS  IN  ILLINOIS 


501 


different  varieties  with  respect  to  yield,  all  are  compared  on  the  same 
basis,  with  Swedish  Select  as  a  standard.  This  at  once  gives  a  definite 
rating  of  the  different  varieties  when  compared  with  a  standard 
variety,  even  tho  the  standard  may  not  be  the  leading  variety. 

A  summary  of  the  varieties  tested  at  DeKalb  from  1907  to  1916 
appears  in  Tables  1  and  2,  which  present  fairly  conclusive  data  as  to 
thfe  highest  yielding  and  most  important  varieties. 

Of  the  varieties  tested  for  six  years,  Silvermine.  Schoenen,  and 
American  Banner  have  produced  the  highest  yields.  Great  American, 
Scottish  Chief,  and  "White  Kherson  (Iowa  103) ,  which  have  been  tested 
for  only  two  years,  have  given  very  satisfactory  yields. 


TABLE  2. — COMPARABLE  AVERAGE  YIELDS  OF  VARIETIES  OF  OATS  GROWN  AT  DEKALB 
USING  SWEDISH  SELECT  AS  A  STANDARD:    1909-1916 

(Bushels  per  acre) 


Variety 


Total 
number 
of  tests 


Number 

of  years 

compared 


Years  on  which  com- 
parison is  based 


Average 
yield 


Swedish  Select i 

American    Banner 16 

Schoenen 16 

Silvermine 16 

Swedish  Select 16~ 

Sixty    Day 

Swedish  Select 16 

Danish   White 12 

Irish  Victor 12 

Lincoln 12 

Minnesota  No.  6 12 

Swedish  Select 12~ 

White   Bonanza 

Swedish  Select 12 

Siberian 6 

Swedish  Select ' 12~ 

Silvermine   (6-403) 10 

Carton's  No.   5 10 

Swedish  Select 

Twentieth   Century 4 

Swedish  Select 

Black  Gotham 4 

Swedish  Select 

Mammoth  Cluster 

Scottish  Chief  

Great  American 

Big  Four 

White  Kherson  (Towa  103) 

White  Russian 

President 

Wisconsin  Pedigree  No.   1. 

Texas  Bed 

Bryant 's  Silver  Plume .... 


1911-1916 


56.4 
61.1 
63.3 
64.0 


1911-1914 


54.0 
54.2 


1909,  1910,  1915,  1916 


65.4 
63.6 
62.9 
62.6 


1909,  1910,  1916 


1911,  1912,  1913 


1914,  1915,  1916 


1909,  1910 


63.5 
60.3 

"56.2"' 
59.8 

~56~75~ 
61.8 
42.8 
65.7" 
71.6 


1911,  1912 


59.5 


1915-1916 


61.1 
56.9 
70.2 
70.8 
65.7 
68.6 
50.5 
57.0 
59.3 
58.5 
58.0 


502 


BULLETIN  No.  195 


[January, 


Northern  and  Home-Grown  Seed  Oats. — Many  farmers  in  northern 
Illinois  have  made  it  a  practice  to  obtain  their  seed  oats  from  the 
northern  states  and  Canada,  maintaining  that  they  are  superior  to  the 
home-grown  oats  for  seed  purposes.  In  order  to  establish  the  relative 
difference  in  yield  between  the  two  kinds  of  seed  oats,  tests  were  begun 
in  1908  with  oats  grown  in  Canada  and  with  home-grown  oats,  both 
kinds  in  every  comparison  being  of  the  same  variety.  The  results 
appear  in  Table  3. 

TABLE  3. — AVERAGE  YIELDS  OP  NORTHERN  AND  OF  HOME-GRO\VN  SEED 
OATS  AT  DEKALB 
(Bushels  per  acre) 


Variety 

Date 

Number  of 
tests  each 

Yield  of 
northern  oats 

Yield  of  home- 
grown oats 

Siberian    

1908 

6 

40  1 

37  7 

American  Banner  

1912 

2 

92.9 

77.9 

Siberian    

1912 

4 

55  6 

600 

American  Banner  

1913 

2 

63.1 

61.5 

Siberian    

1913 

2 

58  G 

636 

Swedish.    Select  

1914 

41 

52.1 

47.5 

American  Banner  

1914 

2 

49.1 

43  3 

Swedish  Select    

1915 

4 

73.1 

680 

American  Banner  

1915 

4 

72.8 

61.6 

American  Banner.  . 

1916 

4 

72.1 

80.7 

Average 


61.5 


58.5 


MDnly  two  tests  were  made  of  Swedish  Select,  northern-grown,  in  1914. 

A  six-year  average,  covering  32  tests  with  northern  oats  and  34 
tests  with  home-grown  oats,  shows  that  the  northern-grown  seed  pro- 
duced 3.0  bushels  more  per  acre  than  the  home-grown  seed.  This  dif- 
ference is  scarcely  large  enough  to  justify  the  extra  expense  and 

TABLE  4. — AVERAGE  YIELDS  OF  VARIETIES  CF  SPRING  WHEAT  GROWN  AT  DEKALB: 

1907-1916 
(Bushels  per  acre) 


Variety 

1907 

1908 

1909 

1910 

1911 

1912 

1913 

1914 

1915 

1916 

Kubanka  
Saskatchewan  Fife  
Minnesota  No.  169  
Red  Fife. 

12.3 

17.6 
163 

15.8 

30.3 
28.9 

31.9 
30.1 

15.9 
15.0 

6.3 
7.1 

22.2 
25.2 

24.7 

Minnesota  No.  163  

167 

Durum 

30.3 

1 

Marquis 

306 

347 

Blue  Stem 

196 

?1  3 

Alaska.  . 

?30 

1917} 


YIELDS  CF  SPRING  GRAINS  IN  ILLINOIS 


503 


trouble  of  shipping  in  the  northern  seed  oats ;  and  in  three  of  the  ten 
comparisons,  the  home-grown  seed  produced  larger  average  yields. 

Spring  Wheat. — To  a  limited  extent,  spring  wheat  takes  the  place 
of  oats  in  the  rotations  011  some  of  the  northern  Illinois  farms.  In  con- 
nection with  the  work  with  oats  at  DeKalb,  a  few  preliminary  tests 
have  been  made  with  spring  wheat.  The  yields  of  the  different  varie- 
ties grown  appear  in  Table  4. 

Barley,  Eye,  and  Emmer. — Tests  with  spring  barley  at  DeKalb 
have  been  veiy  limited.  Spring  rye  has  been  grown  for  two  years,  and 
spring  emmer  for  one  year.  The  results  are  presented  in  Table  5. 

TABLE  5.— AVERAGE  YILLDS  OF  SPRING  BARLEY,  EYE,  AND  EMMER  GROWN 

AT  DEKALB 
(Bushels  per  acre) 


Variety 

1909 

1912 

1913 

1914 

1915 

1916 

Michigan  Pedigree  barley  

40.1 

34.6 

43.1 

White  Hulless  barley1  

43.9 

32  1 

42  3 

Wisconsin  Pedigree  barley  

55.7 

57.2 

Montana   Two-Rowed   barley  

50  0 

346 

Spring  rye   

223 

195 

Snrinar  emmer2  . 

32.0 

Tor  the  purpose  of  comparison,  the  yields  of  barley  grain  are  calculated  on 
the  basis  of  48  pounds  to  the  bushel  for  unhulled  barleys  and  40  pounds  for  hul- 
less  barley,  the  difference  of  8  pounds  being  allowed  for  hulls.  (The  customary 
weight  for  hulless  barley  is  60  pounds  per  bushel.) 

2Based  on  30  pounds  to  the  bushel  (see  U.  S.  Farmers'  Bulletin  466,  page  12). 


CENTRAL  ILLINOIS 
TESTS  AT  URBANA,  IN  CHAMPAIGN  COUNTY 

Variety  trials  of  spring  grains  on  the  Urbana  field,  reported  in  this 
bulletin,  were  begun  in  1903.  The  results  given  have  been  obtained 
from  varieties  of  spring  grains  grown  in  two  rotations:  (1)  corn, 
corn,  oats  or  other  spring  grain,  and  clover;  (2)  wheat,  corn,  oats,  and 
clover.  The  yields  are  averages  obtained  from  a  grain  system  and  a 
live-stock  system  of  farming. 

Oats. — The  leading  varieties  of  oats  are  compared,  on  the  percent- 
age basis,  with  Siberian,  a  variety  which  has  been  in  the  trials  since 
1903.  This  method  of  tabulation  renders  it  possible  to  make  a  direct 
comparison  of  a  given  group  of  tests.  The  complete  data  are  reported 
in  Table  6  and  a  summary  is  given  in  Table  7. 

Sixty  Day,  White  Bonanza,  Siberian,  Schoenen,  Silvermine,  Irish 
Victor,  Swedish  Select,  and  American  Banner  are  the  highest  yielding 
varieties  of  oats  tested  for  central  Illinois.  These  varieties  have  been 
grown  for  six  or  more  years  at  Urbana.  Other  promising  varieties  are 
Great  American,  Yellow  Kherson  (Iowa  105),  Big  Four,  and  Wiscon- 
sin Pedigree  No.  1. 


504 


BULLETIN  No.  195 


[January, 


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a 

Lincoln  
American  Banner  
White  Bonanza  
Siberian  
Twentieth  Century  

;  «  -2  ^ 

n     .  X    S    QJ 
1     :[S11 

Black  Gotham  
Silvermine  
Sehoenen  
Sixty  Day  
Minnesota  No.  6  

Sixty  Day  U.S.D.A.  ^o. 
26114  
Swedish  Select  
Bryant's  Silver  Plume... 
Kherson  
Early  Champion  

Mammoth  Cluster  
Yellow  Kherson  (Iowa  1C5) 
Garton  's  No.  5  
Great  American  
Wisconsin  Pedigree  No.  1 

Garton  's  Victor  
Big  Pour  
President  
White  Kherson  (Iowa  103) 
Scottish  Chief  

Victory  
White  Eussian  

1917] 


YIELDS  OF  SPRING  GRAINS  IN  ILLINOIS 


505 


TABLE  7. — COMPARABLE  AVERAGE  YIELDS  OP  VARIETIES  OF  OATS  GROWN  AT  URBANA 

USING  SIBERIAN  AS  A  STANDARD:    1903-1916 

(Bushels  per  acre) 


Variety 

Total 
num- 
ber of 
tests 

Num- 
ber of 
years 
com- 
pared 

Years  on  which  comparison 
is  based 

Aver- 
age 
yield 

Siberian  

64 

13 

1903-1916 

49  0 

American  Banner  

34 

13 

yy      >  t 

47.0 

Siberian  

56 

12 

1903-1914,  1916 

47  8 

Lincoln   

26 

12 

»      >  )         y  y 

43  8 

Siberian  

62 

12 

1903-1913,  1915,  19j.6 

48  5 

White  Bonanza  

38 

12 

»      y  y          >  >         y  y 

49.9 

Siberian  

Twentieth  Century  

48 
18 

11 
11 

1903-1914 
yy      if 

45.7 
40  0 

Siberian  

60 

11 

1903-1912,  1915,  1916 

51  1 

Irish  Victor  

30 

11 

y  y      »          >t         >  i 

49  9 

Danish   White  

30 

11 

»      y  y          y  y         y  y 

48  3 

Siberian  

62 

11 

1905-1916 

52  5 

Sixty   Day  

44 

11 

y  y        y  y 

58  1 

Siberian  

51 

9 

1904-1911,  1915,  1910 

51  4 

Schoenen    

27 

9 

»        y  y             y  y            y  y 

51.1 

Siberian  

36 

8 

1903-1911 

444 

Black  Gotham  

12 

8 

y  >      » 

410 

Siberian  

35 

8 

1904-1910,  1915,  1916 

50.3 

Silvermine    

29 

8 

y  y           y  y                  y  y                y  y 

49.2 

Siberian  

55 

8 

1907-1912,  1915,  1916 

54.3 

Minnesota  No.  6  

27 

8 

»      )  )          »         » 

51.3 

Siberian  

27 

7 

1903,  1904,  1907-1909,1915,1916 

43.1 

Black  Tartarian  

21 

7 

»        >  i           }  )         y  y         )  >        yy 

35.0 

Siberian  

44 

6 

1911-1916 

56  9 

Swedish    Select  

26 

6 

y  f        y  y 

54  6 

Siberian  

28 

5 

1912-1916 

56  2 

Bryant's  Silver  Plume  

22 

5 

yy        yy 

57.1 

Siberian  

20 

4 

1913-1913 

52  1 

Kherson    

20 

4 

yy        y  y 

51  5 

Early  Champion  

20 

4 

yy       yy 

47.6 

Siberian  
Waverly    

3 
3 

3 

3 

1903-1905 
yy       yy 

42.4 
31  9 

Prize  Cluster  

3 

3 

yy       y) 

25  9 

Siberian  

18 

3 

1914-1916 

61  4 

Mammoth   Cluster  

18 

3 

y  y        y  y 

49.6 

Siberian  

16 

2 

1915,  1916 

66  8 

Yellow  Kherson   (Iowa  105) 
Garton  's  No.  5  

16 
16 

2 

9 

y  y         y 
y  y         y 

68.9 
fil  2 

Great  American  

16 

2 

y  y          y 

72  1 

Wisconsin  Pedigree  No.  1  ... 
Garton  's  Victor.  

16 
16 

2 

9 

y  y         y 
y  y         ) 

67.9 

58  7 

Big  Four  

16 

2 

y  y         y 

68  8 

President    

16 

2 

y  y         y 

63.8 

Siberian  

8 

I 

1916 

71  4 

White  Kherson  (Iowa  103)  . 
Scottish  Chief       

8 
8 

1 
1 

y  y 
» 

76.4 

77  2 

Victory                                   .  . 

8 

1 

y> 

75  1 

White  Russian  

8 

1 

it 

65.7 

506 


BULLETIN  No.  195 


[January, 


Spring  Wheat. — The  Urbana  field  is  considered,  ordinarily,  outside 
the  spring- wheat  belt.  Very  little  attention  has  therefore  been  given 
to  spring  wheat  on  that  field.  Howrever,  recent  high  prices  have  given 
considerable  impetus  to  the  growing  of  the  crop  in  central  Illinois. 

In  1912  a  strain  of  spring  wheat  which  was  known  as  home-grown, 
was  placed  in  the  trials  with  other  spring  grains.  More  recently,  three 
other  varieties  have  been  included,  none  of  which  has  seemed  to  do  bet- 
ter than  the  type  first  tried. 

TABLE  8. — AVERAGE  YIELDS  OF  VARIETIES  OF  SPRING  WHEAT  GROWN  AT  URBANA: 

1912-1916 
(Bushels  per  acre) 


Variety 

Total 
number 
of  tests 

Number 
of  years 
compared 

1912 

1913 

1914 

1915 

1916 

Spring,  home-grown,  S.W.R.1.  . 

13 

5 

25.6 

17.9 

12.8 

Spring,   home-grown,    N.C.R.2.  . 

13 

247 

18  2 

13  9 

19  6 

279 

Durum    

4 

2 

144 

246 

Marquis    

4 

2 

146 

21.8 

Red   Fife.. 

4 

2 

64 

18,3 

'Southwest  rotation  consists  of  wheat,  corn,  oats,  and  clover  (or  soybeans). 
aNorth-eentral  rotation  consists  of  corn,  corn,  oats,  and  clover  (or  soybeans). 

Even  tho  the  data  for  spring  wheat  are  limited,  there  are  indica- 
tions that  this  crop  offers  possibilities,  especially  where  winter-killing 
is  likely  to  occur. 

Barley. — Only  a  few  of  the  more  important  kinds  of  barley  were 
included  in  the  trials  during  the  earlier  years,  but  for  the  last  two  sea- 
sons the  number  has  been  increased,  and  in  the  near  future  others  will 
be  placed  in  competition  with  those  now  on  trial.  The  results  to  date 
are  meager,  but  they  are  presented  for  the  information  they  convey  to 
growers  who  wish  to  diversify  their  crops. 


TABLE  9. — AVERAGE  YIELDS  OF  VARIETIES  OF  BARLEY  GROWN  AT  URBANA:  1912-1916 

(Bushels  per  acre) 


Variety 

Total 
number 
of  tests 

Number 
of  years 
compared 

1912 

1913 

1914 

1915 

1916 

Oderbrucker,  S.W.R.1  

12 

5 

48.0 

17.8 

25.3 

Oderbrucker,  N.C.R.2.  .  .-  

12 

5 

13.5 

2G.8 

55.2 

57.1 

Common    

10 

5 

53.8 

17.1 

24.2 

54.9 

55.8 

Beardless  

4 

2 

44.6 

43.7 

White  Hulless'  

4 

2 

26.4 

40.2 

Two-Rowed   

3 

2 

38.2 

28.1 

Wisconsin  Pedisrree  .  . 

2 

1 

56.8 

1Southwcst  rotation  consists  of  wheat,  corn,  spring  cereals,  and  clover  (or  soy- 
beans). 

'North-central  rotation  consists  of  corn,  corn,  spring  cereals,  and  clover  (or 
soybeans). 

'See  first  footnote  to  Table  5,  page  503. 


1917] 


YIELDS  OF  SPRING  GRAINS  IN  ILLINOIS 


507 


Common  barley  has  given  fair  results.  It  is  probably  the  most 
promising  of  the  varieties  which  have  been  grown  for  more  than  two 
years.  Common  and  Oderbrucker  barley  are  very  similar  in  their 
characteristics. 

SOUTHERN  ILLINOIS 

TESTS  AT  FAIRFIELD,  IN  WAYNE  COUNTY 

At  Fairfield,  the  crop  field  representing  the  southern  part  of  the 
state,  the  work  with  oats  has  been  incidental  and  limited  because  this 
crop  has  been  grown  to  replace  winter  wheat  when  it  failed.  In  1909 
all  of  the  winter  wheat  was  replaced,  and  in  1915  a  few  varieties  of  win- 
ter wheat  were  replaced  by  oats,  barley,  and  spring  wheat.  Climat- 
ically, southern  Illinois  is  not  considered  well  adapted  to  the  growing 
of  spring  grains,  altho  in  favorable  seasons,  as  in  1909,  fair  yields  may 
be  secured.  The  results  which  were  obtained  in  1909  and  1915  are 
given  in  Table  10. 

TABLE  10. — AVERAGE  YIELDS  OF  SPRING  GRAINS  GROWN  AT  FAIRFIELD 
(Bushels  per  acre) 


Variety 

1909 

1915 

Texas  Red  oats  

60.1 

34.1 

Sixty  Day  oats  

50.1 

24.5 

Early  Champion  oats   

48.9 

27.3 

\Vhite  Bonanza  oats       

35.4 

34.5 

Swedish  Select  oats  

43.4 

41.0 

Yellow  Kherson  (Iowa  105)  oats  

30.6 

Great  American  oats  

25.4 

Manschuri  barley  

19.1 

Montana  Two-Rowed  barley       

30 

Spring  rye   .                                   

5.0 

Marquis  spring  wheat  

0.0 

CHARACTERISTICS  OF  DIFFERENT  VARIETIES  OF  OATS 

The  adaptability  of  a  variety  of  oats  to  a  given  section  of  the  state 
is  often  determined  Toy  the  time  of  its  maturity,  and  its  adaptability  to 
a  particular  purpose  by  the  color  of  the  kernel,  white  oats  usually 
bringing  more  on  the  market  than  yellow  or  dark-colored  grains.  It  is 
important,  also,  to  know  something  of  the  amount  of  foliage,  especially 
if  clover  is  to  be  seeded  with  the  oats.  Sixty  Day  oats  do  not  produce 
relatively  as  large  a  quantity  of  foliage  as  other  types,  and  it  has  been 
observed  that  clover  does  much  better  when  planted  with  this  variety 
than  when  seeded  with  a  variety  such  as  Swedish  Select,  which  has  an 
abundance  of  foliage.  Table  11  has  therefore  been  compiled  in  order 
to  give  the  reader  a  clear  idea  of  the  important  characteristics  of  the 
different  varieties  of  oats  concerning  which  data  have  been  presented 
in  the  preceding  pages. 


508 


BULLETIN  No.  195 


[January, 


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—65 


UNIVERSITY  OF  ILLINOIS-URBANA 


